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Read India Programme, Andhra Pradesh
July 2007- March 2008
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Introduction
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Read India programme was implemented in 13 Districts within July 2007 and March 2007. The selection of the 13 districts was strategically undertaken to ensure a proper comparison between three regions of Andhra Pradesh. The coastal belt of Andhra has an advantage of Pratham's interventions from the past 1-2 years, the Telangana area is a new area without any prior presence of Pratham and third region constituting two districts of Chitoor and Nellore had the advantage of having the presence of AID India , Pratham's partner NGO.
S. No |
District |
Coverage |
Funder |
1. |
Vijaynagaram |
Complete |
Hewlitt |
2. |
Vishakapatnam |
Complete |
Hewlitt |
3. |
Guntur |
Complete |
Hewlitt |
4. |
Rangareddy |
Complete |
Hewlitt |
5. |
Nalgonda |
Complete |
Hewlitt |
6. |
Karimnagar |
Complete |
Hewlitt |
7. |
Warangal |
Complete |
Hewlitt |
8. |
Nizamabad |
Complete |
Hewlitt |
9. |
Chittore |
Partial 500 villages |
PUSA |
10. |
Nellore |
Partial 500 villages |
PUSA |
11. |
Krishna |
Partial 500 villages |
Hewlitt |
12. |
Prakasam |
Partial 500 villages |
Hewlitt |
13. |
Sirikakulum |
Partial 500 villages |
PUSA |
The Read India programme was a fresh start in all 11 districts except Vishakaptanam and Guntur where the programme was being implemented since the year 2005. It is significant to observe that the nature of the programme's collaboration with Andhra Pradesh Government was not in the form of a formal support in terms of funding for Human Resource, finances or Teacher Learning Material provisions but was informal as only a letter was sent to the Read India districts by the Government to encourage support by Governmental structures in the districts.
The initial plan for Read India programme was to purely go by a community volunteering approach, however presently it has been adapted to a mixed approach with the successful partnerships at the district level with education officers. This has helped Pratham's initiatives to spread faster as TLM usage is now being seen at the schools, village and anganwadis to a very large extent.
Volunteers are significant in ensuring the success of a community based programme like Read India, in this regard it becomes important to note the process through which volunteers were selected to anchor the Read India programme in their respective districts. Volunteers for the programme constituted of members who were nominated by sarpanches of their village panchayats, vidya volunteers of villages, anganwadi workers and preraks. These volunteers subsequently implemented the Read India programme in their respective communities in a dual mode, i.e. firstly through taking classes after school hours in school and secondly by taking classes within the community in the evening.
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| Timelines |

Certificates being distributed to volunteers
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| July 2007 - October 2007 |
| The Cluster Coordinators visited their respective Mandals to identify community volunteers and sensitize vidya volunteers of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, anganwadi workers preraks in the area. During this time the Cluster Monitors also provided training to the volunteers in the areas of Teacher Learning Material usage as well as community mobilization techniques. Subsequently L2R classes were taken by volunteers in the communities. In order to ensure the effective participation of community members in educational provisions within the community, the volunteers of Read India programme during this time regularly attended public forums like School Complex Meetings, Anganwadi Project meetings and also kept in touch with the Sarpanch of the village Panchayats. |
October 2007 - January 2008
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| The same process as conducted in earlier Mandals in the first quarter of the programme was executed in the remaining Mandals that Cluster Coordinators were responsible for within the Read India programme. |
January 2008 - April 2008
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| During this duration the training components left out in the earlier training workshops were carried out for holistic development of the volunteers of Read India programme who anchor the programme in the community. The L2R classes being held were also monitored during this time to make sure that they were being implemented efficiently. In February, a pilot project for Read to Learn (R2L) class was held in one class of a village for 20 students in the area of Mathematics, Reading Comprehension and English competencies. After the successful completion and evaluation of the pilot project, R2L training was provided to the Read India volunteers. During this time a Maths Mela was also held in the communities that saw the participation of numerous children. |
April 2008- till date
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| During this duration, monitoring of R2L classes is being carried out. Also in order to acknowledge the support of Read India volunteers to the programme, functions were organized to distribute achievement certificates to the volunteers who otherwise are not given any financial remuneration for their efforts. At this time the Read India team is busy in executing the Summer School Programme in 12 districts of Andhra Pradesh. |
Programme Components
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Learn to Read (L2R)

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Newspaper Report in Eenadu
Sunday 31 st December, 2007
L2R class in Vijaynagaram Diestrict being taken by Madhav Chavan, Head, Pratham Mumbai Initiative |
L2R classes are meant to enhance the reading and math competencies are focused on through the classes. At the beginning of the classes, a base line test is taken to evaluate the level of the children in class. The levels of competencies of children are grouped into non reader levels of Level 0 (can't identify basic alphabets), Level 1 (can recognize basic alphabets), Level 2 (can recognize simple words) Level 3 (can read simple paragraph) and Level 5 (can read simple story). After grouping the children according to their levels, material comprising of 10 card sets and 30 card sets are given to the children. The teaching in class involves games for letter recognition, words recognition etc, training in TLM usage, loud reading activities, math technique activities for number recognition and basic mathematical operations with play-way methods involving straws, currency notes etc. The monitoring of an L2R class involves observing if volunteers are following the methods taught to them during the training and whether children have understood the lessons. To better comprehend whether children have understood their lessons, numerous games are played with them like train game, currency note game, who is your friend game etc. At the end of the L2R class, a final test is conducted for all children to assess whether they can move on or need to be re-enrolled in the next cycle of L2R classes.
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Read to Learn (R2L)
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Material distribution for R2L classes |
R2L classes focus on Telugu language competency of children. Each class comprises of 20 students who are part of competency levels of Level 3 (can read easy paragraph) and Level 4 (can read simple story). |
In an R2L class, a volunteer uses the following activities to teach children:
- Try and repeat after the volunteer who reads a story loudly
- Take a story which children read aloud
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Give 5 minutes to children who silently read a story and underline difficult words
- Volunteer discusses the meanings of the difficult words
- Children repeat these difficult words after the volunteer speaks them aloud
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Discussing question answers in groups of two. The volunteer divides the class into two groups where one group asks questions and the other group answers in quiz mode.
- Children write the gist of the story and the read it aloud
- Children are also encouraged by the volunteers to habitually maintain a daily dairy
The evaluation for an interactive R2L class happens both on individual and group basis. |
English Classes
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After making students proficient in their mother tongue Telugu, Read India programme also focuses on providing them training in English at beginner's level.
Children are helped in acquiring English vocabulary, pronunciation, communicative skills etc through the following of the below given four steps in order to make their learning a fun activity:
Step No. |
Question Asked |
Answer Given |
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1. |
Telugu question is asked |
Telugu answer is given |
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2. |
Same Telugu question is asked as in the 1 st step |
English one word answer is given |
3. |
Telugu question is asked |
Full sentence English answer is given |
4. |
Question in English is asked |
Answer in full English sentence is given |
With the help of this 4 step question-answer methodology, the children's speaking and listening skills are enhanced by making them aware of colors through crocodile game, children are introduced to what questions like "What s your name?", "What is this?", "What class are you in?" etc, children are introduced to professions like doctor, lawyer, teacher etc, children are introduced to the flora and fauna in terms of recognizing animals and plants and children are made to identify activities like talking, flying, running etc.
The reading skills of children are polished by enabling them to identify big and small alphabets of English along with teaching them the skill of phonetic reading. The writing capacity of learners is enhanced by making them write English alphabets and simple words. |
| Assessment |
As Pratham assesses its programmes quantifiably through baseline, mid-term and final tests, a similar approach was undertaken for Read India programme as well by taking the following statistics generated by its ASER team:
S. No. |
Type of Test |
Year of ASER |
1. |
Baseline |
2006 |
2. |
Mid-level |
2007 |
3. |
Final |
A mini-ASER to be undertaken in the year 2008 |
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| Impact |
Quantitative Impact |
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S. No |
District |
No.
of
Blocks |
No. of
Villag
-es |
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No. of
schools
covered |
No. of children covered |
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Angan
wadi |
Std 1-5 |
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L2R |
R2L |
1. |
Vishakapatnam |
45 |
2700 |
4429 |
2725 |
48405 |
63150 |
5000 |
2. |
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34 |
2175 |
3621 |
2200 |
33172 |
51220 |
4000 |
3. |
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53 |
3160 |
5825 |
4200 |
58565 |
77600 |
6000 |
4. |
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37 |
1150 |
2709 |
969 |
15600 |
44886 |
1058 |
5. |
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59 |
2184 |
2709 |
1463 |
30885 |
53878 |
1951 |
6. |
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57 |
1558 |
2357 |
1245 |
20886 |
39941 |
2311 |
7. |
Warangal |
51 |
2747 |
3754 |
2810 |
26620 |
39559 |
900 |
8. |
Nizamabad |
36 |
1139 |
3117 |
1079 |
50281 |
33861 |
126 |
9. |
Krishna |
8 |
745 |
1,216 |
150 |
14510 |
11,500 |
0 |
10. |
Prakasam |
7 |
1036 |
1109 |
795 |
9650 |
31865 |
3252 |
11. |
Chittore |
10 |
1957 |
1957 |
100 |
2950 |
52181 |
0 |
12. |
Nellore |
10 |
1834 |
2520 |
65 |
3260 |
55442 |
0 |
13. |
Sirikakulum |
9 |
698 |
669 |
730 |
8602 |
21760 |
0 |
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Qualitative Impact |
- Mobilization of volunteers has been the strength and has been achieved uniformly across all the districts. Initially the plan was to have one volunteer per village but presently based on the size and willingness of the community to participate 2 to 3 volunteers have been mobilized.
- The involvement of SSA has been very good, all the schools are well aware of Read India campaign.
- The Block coordinators have made a strong base with the local education department structure. Regular meetings are held with the Mandal and district education teams to bring a positive change in the system.
- The State SSA is all geared up to face mini- ASER 2008, towards which regular meetings are been held and extra efforts are being made to encourage non readers to read.
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| Limitations |
- Since November 2007, the Read India programme was partially discontinued in Chittore and Nellore that was being funded by Aid India owing to the programme being carried out only on a narrow project based approach and not long-term impacting campaign mode.
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Also due to the districts of Krishna and Prakasam being new districts within Read India, full coverage of their area by Read India programme has not been possible but will be achieved in the near future.
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Owing to limited funds available by PUSA in the present for Chittore and Nellore districts, full coverage of the district has not been possible as compared to full coverage in Hewlitt districts of Read India programme within Andhra Pradesh.
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Though the mobilization of volunteers has been very good, there has been a mix of volunteers who take classes only twice a week in some areas.
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Some of the Anganwadis do not have teachers and the ahyahs run these classes, in such cases the ahyahs will be trained to use the TLM.
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Two of the districts have suffered with the change in the Pratham team, which has caused loss in terms of time and training. Decision making skills of these new entrants need to be honed to take over the district.
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Sub optimal usage of TLM in some cases also causes trouble. Usage of the existing material with the anganwadi's and schools should also be part of the initiative.
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